Copy(rights)

Preemptive note:

I own none of the images illustrating or accompanying these texts. Oh, over time I have spent a few hundred dollars on books and magazines and CD-ROMs where these images appeared, but none of those purchases permitted me to own the pictures.

I do have one of the Hogarths reproduced here, a real one; that is, an engraving printed in Hogarth's shop, probably around 1761. But lots of people must have copies of this image, otherwise I wouldn't have been able to afford to buy it, about 220 years after it was printed. Perhaps the plate was destroyed, perhaps by Hogarth himself, in order to maintain its trading value in his lifetime, though by all accounts he was "tinkering" with some of his plates until he died in 1764. It's one of only two images here I can think of that is in the "public domain". So I don't own Hogarth's picture. That's a bit poetic, because it was Hogarth who dogged Parliament to enact copyright protection.

Even the oldest comic images here have renewed copyrights or secondary copyrights or some other announcement that no viewer can acquire the image without transacting some business beyond a fleeting visual inspection. If I had any original artwork for a published image, that is, an artist's hand-drawn, penciled, inked, coloured, one-of-a-kind work on illustration board, I'd still be pretty certain that I wouldn't own the image, because someone else would have grabbed the copyright at some point in the lifetime of the artwork.

I have downloaded many images from the Internet, for which I pay a general fee to subscribe, but no money goes to the places from where the images came -- they almost certainly paid to make the images available, too. All of these pictures are copies, and my downloading has added at least one copy of each into general circulation. The images all exist elsewhere, in other copies, uncountable. And someone else owns the copyrights. Occasionally that ownership of copyright belongs to the creator, but that situation would be the exception rather than the rule.

The images appear here as quotations. They are essential to the reading of the work. Their copyrights remain in the hands of their copyright holders, as many of which are identified as possible. Otherwise, I defer to the example of artist Eddie Campbell: "Go and buy a 'Masterworks' album so they don't string me up for using the pictures." (Campbell 2000: 4)

		Ephemeral landscapes Copy(rights)

`LITTLE PICTURES` `POPULAR VIEWS` `MATERIAL CULTURE MODELS` `OF THE PAGE` `IN THE PAGE` `INTEGRATING IMAGES` `COPY(RIGHTS)` `BIBLIOGRAPHY (citations)` `BIBLIOGRAPHY (annotated)` `LINKS` `Topics in material culture` `website`		Copyrights © Mark Fram 2000, and many others Preemptive note: I own none of the images illustrating or accompanying these texts. Oh, over time I have spent a few hundred dollars on books and magazines and CD-ROMs where these images appeared, but none of those purchases permitted me to own the pictures. I do have one of the Hogarths reproduced here, a real one; that is, an engraving printed in Hogarth's shop, probably around 1761. But lots of people must have copies of this image, otherwise I wouldn't have been able to afford to buy it, about 220 years after it was printed. Perhaps the plate was destroyed, perhaps by Hogarth himself, in order to maintain its trading value in his lifetime, though by all accounts he was "tinkering" with some of his plates until he died in 1764. It's one of only two images here I can think of that is in the "public domain". So I don't own Hogarth's picture. That's a bit poetic, because it was Hogarth who dogged Parliament to enact copyright protection. Even the oldest comic images here have renewed copyrights or secondary copyrights or some other announcement that no viewer can acquire the image without transacting some business beyond a fleeting visual inspection. If I had any original artwork for a published image, that is, an artist's hand-drawn, penciled, inked, coloured, one-of-a-kind work on illustration board, I'd still be pretty certain that I wouldn't own the image, because someone else would have grabbed the copyright at some point in the lifetime of the artwork. I have downloaded many images from the Internet, for which I pay a general fee to subscribe, but no money goes to the places from where the images came -- they almost certainly paid to make the images available, too. All of these pictures are copies, and my downloading has added at least one copy of each into general circulation. The images all exist elsewhere, in other copies, uncountable. And someone else owns the copyrights. Occasionally that ownership of copyright belongs to the creator, but that situation would be the exception rather than the rule. The images appear here as quotations. They are essential to the reading of the work. Their copyrights remain in the hands of their copyright holders, as many of which are identified as possible. Otherwise, I defer to the example of artist Eddie Campbell: "Go and buy a 'Masterworks' album so they don't string me up for using the pictures." (Campbell 2000: 4)
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